Association of Increased Immunostaining for Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitrotyrosine With Fibroblast Growth Factor Transformation in Pancreatic Cancer

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Abstract
HUMAN PANCREATIC adenocarcinoma remains one of the most difficult cancers to treat, as evidenced by little improvement in survival even with the addition of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. During the past 15 years, significant progress has occurred in the clinical management of pancreatic cancer due to increased early diagnosis and improved statistics on operative mortality (25% in the 1960s vs ≤5% more recently). However, the 1997 cancer statistics show that little improvement in overall patient survival has transpired from such progress. Specifically, in 1997 there were 27,600 new cases of pancreatic cancer with 28,100 deaths due to pancreatic cancer, with an overall 5-year survival of less than 5%.1,2 The simple conclusion is that current detection and therapy are not satisfactory solutions to the unremitting problem of pancreatic cancer.