Respiratory mechanics and lung morphometry in severe pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury in rats

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Abstract
Objective To develop and study an experimental model for severe pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Design Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Setting University pulmonary laboratory. Subjects Seventy-eight male Wistar rats. Interventions Pancreatitis was induced by taurocholate injection into the pancreatic duct. Data were compared with data from sham-operated animals. Measurements and Main Results Pulmonary mechanical measurements were performed in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated rats. Alveolar pressure was obtained by the alveolar capsule technique. Lungs were fixed at functional residual capacity by immersion in liquid nitrogen and were submitted to morphometric studies. Dynamic pulmonary elastance was found to be increased in the acute pancreatitis group (2.25 plus minus 0.21 vs. 1.62 plus minus 0.10 cm H2 O/mL [p less than .05]). Morphometric signs of distal airway contraction and vasoconstriction were observed. Increased intraalveolar edema rate (55.6 plus minus 12.7% vs. 22.6 plus minus 9.6% [p less than .001]) was detected in the animals with acute pancreatitis. A high degree of pulmonary unevenness and polymorphonuclear infiltration were also detected in the lungs of the acute pancreatitis animals. Conclusions In this severe pancreatitis-associated lung injury model, the mechanical and morphologic alterations were similar to those alterations observed in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. This model may prove to be a useful tool to investigate mechanisms and mediators of the respiratory failure induced by acute pancreatitis and other forms of adult respiratory distress syndrome. (Crit Care Med 1995; 23:1882-1889)

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