Indicator Dilution in an Atrioventricular System with Competent or Incompetent Valves

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Abstract
A mathematical analysis of the pumping action of a two-chambered system has been used to develop formulas describing the changes with time in the mass and concentration of an indicator in either chamber of such a system analogous to the atrium and ventricle with either competent or incompetent valves. Such formulas show how the parameters of a system control the shape of an indicator-dilution curve. From these formulas expressions were developed which permit the analysis of the system from an indicator-dilution curve. The theory was then used to analyze dilution curves produced by a model of known parameters.