Product modification

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Abstract
For more than 20 years there has been a coherent programme of product modification in the UK, involving the introduction of low tar brands of cigarettes and the gradual reduction in average tar yields over the whole range of manufactured cigarettes. The sales-weighted average tar yeild has declined from 20.8 mg/cigarette in 1972 to 11.0 mg/cigarette in 1993. To some extent potential benefits to established smokers have been offset by thier tendency to ‘compensate’ for reduced nicotine yield. Investigating such aspects has formed one part of wide-ranging research programme to monitor effects of modified products on health. Collectively the studies show benefits in terms of smoke intake and health outcome related to reduced far cigarettes, but the success achieved in reducing average far yeilds and narrowing the range has limited opportunities to detect differential effects.

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