Pharmacological Characterization of Phospholipid Growth‐Factor Receptors

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Abstract
The phospholipid growth‐factor (PLGF) terminology is proposed to describe a group of endogenous glycerol‐ and sphingolipid mediators that regulate cell proliferation through plasma membrane receptors. In addition to LPA and SPP, multiple PLGFs are present in blood plasma and serum. PLGF activity is regulated by its stimulus‐coupled production and by endogenous inhibitors. In addition to LPA and SPP, alkenyl‐glycerophosphate, cyclic‐phosphatidic acid, and sphingosylphosphorylcholine were detected in biological fluids using mass spectrometry. Heterologous desensitization studies indicate the expression of multiple LPA‐activated receptors in a variety of cell types, which are differentially activated by the different PLGFs. Northern blot and RT‐PCR results reinforce the coexpression of PSP24α and different members of the EDG1‐7 receptors in the same cell. Stable heterologous expression of the PSP24α, EDG2, and EDG4 receptors in HEK293 cells show distinct PLGF specificities and dose‐response properties for each receptor subtype. Thus, both the controlled availability of the different agonists/inhibitors and the regulated expression of their receptors regulate the biological effects of PLGFs.