The Three-Phase Liquid Extraction or the Liquid Membranes

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Abstract
Liquid membranes achieve a special importance for the yield and separation of substances from very diluted solutions. The different pertration techniques mass transfer are explained, and the two-cell methods, supported liquid membranes, double-emulsion methods as well as a pertractor with creeping films are presented. A number of examples is given, which reflect the wide range of application, as there are the selective removal of a number of metals, mineral and organic acids or water-dissolved gases. Biologically active substances, ferments, natural and synthetic medicaments and others could be separated in this way.