Capnohepatography: Intravenous Retrograde Gas Angiography of Liver Veins with Carbon Dioxide

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Abstract
Carbon dioxide gas placed within veins of the arm or leg can display intrahepatic structure by filling liver venous channels (1). The phenomenon has been seen in man when, during negative contrast angiography of the right atrium, reflux of gas through the inferior vena cava and into connecting hepatic veins inadvertently occurs (Fig. 1). Before the deliberate use of this technic in human patients, canine experimentation and evaluation of autopsy material seemed indicated. Experimental Methods A freely flowing intravenous drip with an 18-gauge needle, stock sugar solution, and standard plastic tubing was established in a peripheral vein of a 20-to 40-kg dog under barbiturate anesthesia. A 3-way stopcock, 50-ml syringe, and a small tank of medical carbon dioxide were connected to the infusion. The syringe was washed several times with gas from the tank. Following this, a 50-ml bolus of gas was injected rapidly with hand pressure into the vein (2). Conventional roentgenograms of the liver were obtained at in...

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