Spiderman and the Burma Raiders: Collateral Organization Theory in Action

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Abstract
A collateral organization is designed to co-exist parallel with the formal organization on a relatively permanent basis. Proponents contend that collateral organizations prove especially valuable in supplementing the formal organization because they provide (1) a means for identifying, analyzing, and mastering ill-structured problems and (2) an arena for participation. Advocates concede, however, that the parallel arrangement offormal and collateral organizations creates a complexity that may confuse participants and cause role problems. To the contrary, this article argues that the proclaimed "advantages" of collateral organizations are problematic while their "problems" actually provide the paramount advantage. Despite claims by proponents, a collateral organization is (1) not inherently a proficient medium for solving-or even seeing-ill-structured problems, and (2) is no less prone to abuse of participation than other participatory forms. Yet collateral organizations offer the invaluable advantage of complex role sets-i.e., interaction opportunities with a large number of very different people. Complex role sets may enhance mastery of the environment for both individuals and organizations.

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