Man-machine interaction in work systems

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Abstract
Computer Aided Design systems are in common use particularly in the fields of architecture and engineering design, but such systems generally ignore an important component of man-machine systems, Man himself. However, all products, simple or complex, consumer or capital, involve human intervention in their manufacture, use, or maintenance. Human factors should be considered early in the design process, but this often proves to be time consuming or expensive by traditional methods. This paper describes the SAMMIE (System of Aiding Man-Machine Interaction Evaluation) Computer Aided Design system, which provides the designer with a wide range of aids including the evaluation of certain ergonomic criteria. Three-dimensional views of workplaces may be displayed on the screen of a graphics terminal linked to a minicomputer. To this workplace model, a Man model of variable anthropometry can be added, enabling the workplace to be evaluated against criteria such as the human operator's reach, vision, and fit capabilities. The system can be used for a wide range of applications, a small sample of which are described in the paper. Particularly successful have been the evaluation of workplace geometry and vision assessments for materials handling, driver's views in mirrors, and machine simulation.

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