Combined application of secondary paper mill sludges and cattle slurry: Soil risk or soil improvement

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Abstract
In the moraine landscape of Schleswig‐Holstein (Northwest Germany) the primary effect of secondary paper mill sludge (PMS) application on arable soils was investigated. In loamy soils of pleistocene boulder marl PMS was disposed in autumn from 1988–1990. In addition in spring oat was fertilized with slurry. No environmental soil risk is expected from PMS application with regard to heavy metals and organic halogen components. Neither in soil nor in the plants a higher heavy metal content was observed after PMS application. The soil humus level increase due to PMS application and fertilizer nitrogen is fixed. On the one hand nitrogen excess is prevented, if high temperatures induces a nitrogen release. The opposite pattern is detectable with unfavourable weather condition. In this case deficiency of nitrogen, due to its fixation, reduced soil productivity. A compensative nitrogen fertilization is necessary.

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