Family Relationships and Adolescent Development in Japan: A Family-Systems Perspective on the Japanese Family

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Abstract
This study tested a triple-interaction hypothesis predicting that problems of adolescent adjustment in Japan are most likely to occur for adolescents who are male, who are closely aligned with their mothers, and whose parents disagree with regard to their socialization practices. Multiple sources provided data: (a) 84 14-year-old adolescents evaluated the cohesion of their relationship to each parent, (b) Mothers and fathers separately described their socialization values—an objective index of parental socialization agreement was generated by correlating the independent responses for each parental dyad, and (c) High-school teachers assessed adolescents' personality—cluster analysis generated four personality clusters (Sociability, Resilient Impulse Control, Interpersonal Warmth, and Intellectual Competence). As hypothesized, the Mother-Adolescent Cohesion × Socialization Agreement × Gender triple interaction added significantly to the prediction of adolescent Resilient Impulse Control and Interpersonal Wa...