Toward Explaining Success and Failure in Interpersonal Learning Experiences

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Abstract
The findings from programs of guidance, counseling, and psychotherapy suggest an answer to Eysenck's challenge to the efficacy of the “helping” professions. While no average differences are found in the outcomes of treatment and control groups, there is a pronounced trend toward significantly greater variability in the post‐counseling change indices of the treatment groups when compared to the control groups. The direct suggestion is that students, clients, and patients may be hurt as well as helped in the interpersonal encounter. Some attempts toward explicating the facilitating and the retarding interpersonal processes are elaborated in counselor‐counselee, teacher‐student, and parent‐child relationships.

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