Intestinal satiety with and without upper intestinal factors

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Abstract
The importance of specific upper intestinal factors in the control of meal size was evaluated by comparing food intake of rats infused with test solutions into the duodenum to those infused into the ileum. The rats were maintained on a daily feeding schedule of 2 periods, 1 in the morning and 1 in the afternoon, each lasting 2 h. Each rat was infused during the morning meal with 1 of the following solutions: 5, 15 and 30% glucose contributing about 6, 20 and 40%, respectively, of the energy usually consumed during that meal. Each rat was also infused with identical volumes of salt solutions equiosmotic to the glucose solutions, and with a liquid diet equienergetic to the glucose solutions, as well as with water. Duodenal and upper ileal infusions of the 30 and the 15% glucose solutions or their respective equivalent solutions of salt and liquid diet resulted in highly significant reductions in meal size, which appeared to be related to the osmotic load rather than to its energy content or composition. Infusion of 5% glucose or its respective osmotic and energetic equivalents had no significant effects on meal size. No difference in meal-taking behavior was observed between the intraduodenally and intraileally infused rats under all the above infusion conditions. Specific upper intestinal factors such as cholecystokinin are dispensable in the control of meal size.