A strain-modulated electron spin resonance spectrometer

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Abstract
A new design for an ESR spectrometer, using strain modulation, is presented. The novel features are: (i) The sample is nonresonant, so that single crystals of any size and shape can be investigated; (ii) the loss in mechanical Q‐factor, due to the nonresonant technique, is compensated for by using an electrostrictive ceramic (with high piezoelectric constants) instead of quartz; (iii) the whole transducer is kept outside the microwave cavity; (iv) the modulator can be used also at low temperatures (1.2 < T < 400 K). Some illustrative applications are given.