Ordered nanoporous polymer–carbon composites

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Abstract
Nanostructured organic materials, particularly those constructed with uniform nanopores, have been sought for a long time in materials science. There have been many successful reports on the synthesis of nanostructured organic materials using the so-called, 'supramolecular liquid crystal templating' route. Ordered nanoporous polymeric materials can also be synthesized through a polymerization route using colloidal or mesoporous silica templates. The organic pore structures constructed by these approaches, however, are lower in mechanical strength and resistance to chemical treatments than nanoporous inorganic, silica and carbon materials. Moreover, the synthesis of the organic materials is yet of limited success in the variation of pore sizes and structures, whereas a rich variety of hexagonal and cubic structures is available with tunable pore diameters in the case of the inorganic materials. Here we describe a synthesis strategy towards ordered nanoporous organic polymers, using mesoporous carbon as the retaining framework. The polymer-carbon composite nanoporous materials exhibit the same chemical properties of the organic polymers, whereas the stability of the pores against mechanical compression, thermal and chemical treatments is greatly enhanced. The synthesis strategy can be extended to various compositions of hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic polymers, with various pore diameters, connectivity and shapes. The resultant materials exhibiting surface properties of the polymers, as well as the electric conductivity of the carbon framework, could provide new possibilities for advanced applications. Furthermore, the synthesis strategy can be extended to other inorganic supports such as mesoporous silicas.