The effects of diagnostic category and reinforcer on learning without awareness.

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Abstract
Learning without awareness was tested by asking Ss to construct sentences using pronouns (I, we, he, they) and verbs presented to them. Three groups were employed[long dash]normals, neurotics, and schizophrenics, under 4 experimental conditions: (a) E "rewarded" (said "good" to) 2 of the pronouns (I, we); (b) the use of he or they was "punished" ("not so good"); (c) differential reinforcement as was appropriate re: "punishment" and "reward" when employing the pronouns; (d) control. Results: normals profited well from all conditions of reinforcement; neurotics, only from reward or reward and punishment; schizophrenics, from punishment alone.

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