Carbide formation on Nb surfaces during high−temperature H irradiation

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Abstract
We have observed the formation of ’’star−shaped’’ features ∠1−10 μ in size on the surfaces of Nb samples after implantation with 150 keV H at 975−1275 K. Depending on specific conditions of temperature, vacuum, and surface preparation, they are sometimes found only within the implanted region, and sometimes over the entire sample surface. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and scanning Auger analysis, indicate that the features are due to the formation of Nb2C precipitates. These results suggest that carbide growth can occur on Nb surfaces at high temperatures under CTR−like vacuum conditions, and that the formation of carbides can be enhanced in a radiation environment. This process can have important consequences on the use of Nb for CTR first wall applications.

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