Investigating over-dispersion; Moniliformis (Acanthocephala) and rats

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Abstract
An analysis of the frequency distribution of numbers of Moniliformis dubius in rats of an outbred strain of Wistar origin (CFHB) and feeding ad libitum on Oxoid 41B diet, showed that over-dispersion occurred regardless of the age and sex of the rats and the infective dose given (12, 20 or 40 cystacanths/rat). Over-dispersion was also shown to be independent of variability in the age and sex of the cystacanths given. The analysis demonstrated that the over-dispersion declined as the course of the infection proceeded. As expected, parasite survival was found to be age-dependent with female worms living longer, on average, than males, and both male and female worms living longer in rats given 12 as opposed to 20 cystacanths. Possible mechanisms for generating the over-dispersion observed during this work are discussed and a tentative hypothesis, invoking host heterogeneity with regard to carbohydrate availability in the small intestine, is proposed for further experimental investigation.