Enhanced Regeneration from Wheat Callus Cultures Using Dicamba and Kinetin1

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐o‐anisic acid) on cultured immature wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryos from a responsive (‘PCYT 10’) and a less responsive (‘Fremont’) cultivar by evaluating precocious germination, callus growth, and shoot formation. Dicamba (2 mg/L) reduced precocious germination of cultured 14‐ and 21‐day‐old embryos of both cultivars to a greater extent than 2,4‐D (2 mg/L). Dicamba also induced formation of call! with significantly greater mass and numbers of shoots, especially when embryos were cultured in the dark on modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MSM). The addition of 0.1 mg/L kinetin (6‐furfurylaminopurine) improved the shoot‐forming ability of cultures on medium containing 2,4‐D or dicamba. The positive effects of dicamba on callus growth and shoot formation in the dark were significantly reduced when calli were exposed to a 16‐h photoperiod (4 W/m2). This photoperiod did not alter the effect of dicamba on precocious germination, nor did it affect growth or shoot formation of cultures incubated on medium that contained 2,4‐D. Overall, PCYT 10 was superior to Fremont in tissue culture with > 50 shoots per explant appearing within 6 weeks on many of the cultures. However, significant cultivar ✕ medium interactions were found, which emphasize the importance of evaluating the differential effects of culture variables when testing cultivars for tissue culture responsiveness.

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