Inhibition of adhesion of S‐fimbriated E. coli to buccal epithelial cells by human skim milk is predominantly mediated by mucins and depends on the period of lactation

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Abstract
Expression of S‐fimbriae is frequent in Escherichia coli strains causing sepsis and meningitis in the newborn period. We analysed the ability of human skim milk to inhibit adhesion of S‐fimbriated E. coli to human buccal epithelia. Adhesion was inhibited by up to 90% using colostrum (5%) and up to 50% with mature milk (5%), indicating that this anti‐infective mechanism depends on the period of lactation. Elimination of up to 99% of immunoglobulins and 91% of lactoferrin by affinity chromatography had no effect on the inhibition of adhesion. After separation of high‐ (> 10 kD) and low‐molecular‐weight fractions of skim milk, only the fraction > 10 kD was found to be able to inhibit bacterial adhesion. In order to further characterize receptor molecules for bacteria, we investigated binding of isolated S‐fimbriae to glycoprotein bands on Western blot strips. Fimbriae mainly bound to a high‐molecular‐weight band (> 200 kD). According to molecular weight and staining behaviour, this band most likely represents mucins. We conclude that carbohydrate residues on secreted mucins of human skim milk are able to inhibit bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces. This could provide protection against neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by E. coli.