Phytosterols Reduce In Vitro Metastatic Ability of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells

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Abstract
Metastasis plays a major role in morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. Differences in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer between societies suggest that environmental factors such as diet may play a role in the disease.Previous work from this laboratory suggests that dietary phytosterols (PS) may offer protection from breast cancer by inhibiting growth of the tumor and its metastasis in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Because metastasis is a multistep process, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PS on some steps of the metastatic process: tumor cell invasion, adhesion, and migration. In addition, cell growth and cell cycle progression were evaluated. MDA-MB-231 cells were supplemented with cholesterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol. Cells were treated for 3 days with 16 μM sterol that was loaded on 5 mM cyclodextrin. β-Sitosterol inhibited tumor cell invasion through Matrigel and adhesion of cells to plates coated with collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, an...