Axin prevents Wnt-3a-induced accumulation of β-catenin

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Abstract
When Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, was expressed in COS cells, it coeluted with glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), β-catenin, and adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) in a high molecular weight fraction on gel filtration column chromatography. In this fraction, GSK-3β, β-catenin, and APC were co-precipitated with Axin. Although β-catenin was detected in the high molecular weight fraction in L cells on gel filtration column chromatography, addition of conditioned medium expressing Wnt-3a to the cells increased β-catenin in the low molecular weight fraction. However, Wnt-3a-dependent accumulation of β-catenin was greatly inhibited in L cells stably expressing Axin. Axin also suppressed Wnt-3a-dependent activation of Tcf-4 which binds to β-catenin and acts as a transcription factor. These results suggest that Axin forms a complex with GSK-3β, β-catenin, and APC, resulting in the stimulation of the degradation of β-catenin and that Wnt-3a induces the dissociation of β-catenin from the Axin complex and accumulates β-catenin.