A patient presenting with a combination of pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis was studied clinically and at autopsy. He demonstrated histologically similar fibrocellular lesions of glomeruli and alveoli suggesting a common pathogenesis in the kidneys and lungs. Previous infection with a Group A, Type 12 streptococcus was documented by serologic testing. Thirty-seven additional cases of Goodpasture's syndrome have been found in the literature, typifying the entity as a rapidly progressive, nearly uniformly fatal disease affecting predominantly young adult men. The frequency of reports of this entity has recently increased, probably representing increased recognition of the disease.