Responds to comments by B. Schwartz (see record 1982-07491-001) on the present authors' article (see record 1981-02686-001), in which Schwartz argued that the Alloy and Abramson findings call into question the hypothesized causal link between learned helplessness and depression. The present authors agree with his general contention that nondepressives may be relatively invulnerable to depression, and discuss the implications of their data for the learned helplessness theory and other cognitive theories of depression. Schwartz's motivational account of depressive accuracy in judging response–outcome contingencies is also evaluated. It is suggested that it is important to distinguish among error, irrationality, and maladaptiveness when discussing cognitive bias. (55 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)