Guidelines for osteoporosis in coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease

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Abstract
Osteoporosis can be reliably detected by measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), which can be expressed as the number of SDs above or below either the mean BMD for young adults (T score) or the mean BMD for age matched controls (Z score). A BMD more than 2.5 SD below the mean for a young adult is generally taken to indicate osteoporosis.3 Stratification for fracture risk is possible using BMD. The risk increases roughly twofold for each SD decline in BMD below the population mean.4 5 This compares with a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of death from coronary artery disease with each SD increase in cholesterol concentrations or diastolic pressure.