CIPK3, a Calcium Sensor–Associated Protein Kinase That Regulates Abscisic Acid and Cold Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis

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Abstract
Plants respond to environmental stress by activating “stress genes.” The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in stress-responsive gene expression. Although Ca2+ serves as a common second messenger in signaling stress and ABA, little is known about the molecular basis of Ca2+ action in these pathways. Here, we show that CIPK3, a Ser/Thr protein kinase that associates with a calcineurin B–like calcium sensor, regulates ABA response during seed germination and ABA- and stress-induced gene expression in Arabidopsis. The expression of the CIPK3 gene itself is responsive to ABA and stress conditions, including cold, high salt, wounding, and drought. Disruption of CIPK3 altered the expression pattern of a number of stress gene markers in response to ABA, cold, and high salt. However, drought-induced gene expression was not altered in the cipk3 mutant plants, suggesting that CIPK3 regulates select pathways in response to abiotic stress and ABA. These results identify CIPK3 as a molecular link between stress- and ABA-induced calcium signal and gene expression in plant cells. Because the cold signaling pathway is largely independent of endogenous ABA production, CIPK3 represents a cross-talk “node” between the ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways in stress responses.