Recent numerical results on double-layer simulation in high-intensity laser–plasma interaction

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Abstract
Numerical studies on dynamic electric fields and double layers created inside of plasmas irradiated at laser intensities of 1017 and 1018 W/cm2 were carried out using a macroscopic two‐fluid model including nonlinear forces and the complete intensity dependent optical response for heating and dielectric force effects. This was possible only by longer computation times since the temporal and spatial step sizes had to be reduced accordingly. Electrostatic fields as high as 109 and 1010 V/cm were, respectively, measured for both laser intensities and the coupling of irradiated electromagnetic waves to generate Langmuir longitudinal waves is shown to be possible for the first time. The development and production of the well‐known density minima (cavitons) because of nonlinear forces is also confirmed, their prominent appearance being in direct relation to the stronger effect of the high irradiances applied.