Long-term prognosis of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction

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Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between paroxysmal atrial fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction and the long-term prognosis of patients after acute myocardial infarction. The incidence of paroxysmal a trial fibrillation among 5803 consecutive hospitalized patients was 9.9% (557/5803). Incidence rose with increasing age (≤59 years, 4.2%), (60–69 years, 10.5%), (≥ 70 years, 16.0%) and was slightly (but not significantly) higher in women (11.0%) than in men (9.6%). The presence of congestive heart failure and mean age represented two major discriminants between patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (70% and 68.6 years) in comparison with their counterparts (35% and 62.3% years). Hospital mortality was significantly higher (25.5%) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation than in those without (16.2%). However, the effect of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation disappeared when other factors influencing the short term prognosis (i.e. heart failure) were taken into account by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The covariate adjusted relative odds of in-hospital mortality then fell to 0.82. The 1- and5-year mortality rates were 18.6% and 43.3% in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation as compared to 82% and 25.4% (P <0.001), respectively, in patients free of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Using a proportional hazards analysis of mortality through the first quarter of 1988 (average follow-up time, 5.5 years) the net risk of dying among patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation complicating the acute myocardial infarction is estimated at 1.28 (90% confidence interval, 1.12–1.46) relative to counterparts free of the complication. Thus the appearance of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation appears to be unrelated to hospital death but independently related to long-term mortality in patients discharged alive, although the magnitude of the association is relatively small compared to the pre-infarction clinical status and the presence of factors directly representing left ventricular dysfunction.

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