Compact vacuum ultraviolet source for photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract
A simple source chamber is described which enables the introduction of laser-generated, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation below 102 nm into most existing photoelectron and photoion spectrometers. A long capillary light guide provides a conductance barrier between the VUV source and experimental chambers, and also provides a small, well-collimated VUV beam at the interaction region. A platinum photodiode is found to provide a useful measure of the VUV intensity with minimal interference from the unconverted UV light. The performance and capabilities of the source are demonstrated by several applications using photoelectron spectroscopy.