Wheat gluten-based diet retarded ethanol metabolism by altering alcohol dehydrogenase and not carnitine status in adult rats.

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Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a lysine-deficient diet on carnitine status in adult rats and subsequently on ethanol metabolism. Adult male rats were fed either the AIN-76 diet (NS), the AIN-76 diet with wheat gluten (WG) replacing casein, the WG diet plus 0.8% L-lysine (LS), or the LS diet plus 0.5% L-carnitine (CS) for 30 days. On the 31st day the rats were given an oral dose of ethanol and blood-ethanol concentrations (BEC) were monitored for the next 8 hours. One week later the rats were given a second dose of ethanol and urine was collected until killed, 3 hours post-ethanol administration (PEA). Besides growth retardation and hypoproteinemia, BEC were significantly elevated in the WG group compared to the other group at hours 3-8 PEA. There were no significant differences in BEC between the LS and CS groups; however, their BEC were significantly higher than that of the NS group. The BEC were inversely related to liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities which were significantly lower in WG, LS and CS groups than in the NS group. Plasma, liver and urine carnitine values were significantly higher in the CS group than in the NS, WG and LS groups, wherein the values were similar. It is concluded that the WG diet reduced ADH activity and attenuated ethanol metabolism without significantly altering blood, liver and urinary carnitines in the adult rat.