Temperature Control of Germination of Helenium Amarum Seeds

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Abstract
Germination of seeds of the common bitterweed was tested under several temperature regimes. The effect of constant temperatures depended upon duration of storage. Fresh seeds germinated well without statistically significant differences at 11°, 15°, and 19°C. Extended storage at room temperature resulted in general loss of viability, increase in optimum temperature for germination, and decreased temperature sensitivity, especially decreased inhibition by higher temperatures. Alternating temperatures did not generally increase germination. The temperature—sensitive reactions are interpreted as ecologic adaptations rendering the plants highly successful in disturbed areas throughout the southeastern United States. The adaptation specially allows establishment of seedlings in the autumn and growth through the winter without competition.