Monopole polarization in crystals

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Abstract
The calculation of the electrostatic potential energy is considered for crystals in which the local electric fields result from the monopole and dipole terms of a multipole expansion of the charge distribution at each lattice site. The crystals considered here are of a sufficiently low symmetry so that the monopole fields do not vanish on symmetry grounds. The various contributions to the potential energy are discussed, and results of calculations for β-AgI are presented. This formalism is shown to be formally equivalent to a method given by Wang.