Abstract
The growth activity of metaplastic epithelium was not diminished and, in fact, appeared to be enhanced, suggesting the acquisition of neoplastic properties in vitamin A-deprived tissues. Vitamin A is currently suggested to participate in the regulation of cell differentiation. In fact, the carotenoids consist of a broad class of chemical compounds with differing chemical structures and activities. The majority of cancer deaths in the United States are due to a few relatively common cancer sites: prostate and bladder in men, breast in women, and colorectal and lung in both. Certain risk factors for cancer which have large relative risks in defined subsets of the population, such as smoking, genetic susceptibility, and various occupational exposures to industrial carcinogens, have been previously recognized in human epidemiologic studies. Recent evidence has indicated that dietary intake of carotenoids in well-nourished populations is highly correlated to serum carotenoid levels.

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