Evaluation of the axial ratio of soil clays from gray lowland soils based on viscosity measurements

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Abstract
The axial ratio of soil clays differing in their major mineral species was evaluated. The axial ratio for clays containing smectite as the predominant mineral was 18–24. Based on this axial ratio and the smectite content, the axial ratio for soil smectite was calculated to be 36–51. This value was lower than the axial ratio (90–97) for mineral montmorillonite. Clays containing kaolinite, mica, vermiculite, and vermiculite(or smectite)-chlorite intergrade as dominant minerals had axial ratios ranging from 9 to 16, depending on the specific surface area. For all the clays, the axial ratio increased linearly with increasing specific surface area. Also, in the region of a surface area of 200–400 m2/g, the increase in surface area was due mainly to splitting of the particles in a direction parallel to the ab-plane.

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