Interleukin (IL)-4 and to a lesser extent either IL-13 or interferon-gamma regulate the production of eotaxin-2/CCL24 in nasal polyps

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Abstract
Eotaxin-2/CCL24 is a potent eosinophil attractant that has been implicated in the recruitment of eosinophils in allergic disease. We have investigated whether the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and interferon (IFN)-gamma regulate eotaxin-2/CCL24 in nasal polyps. Nasal polyps were cultured in the presence of the cytokines described above and the concentration of eotaxin-2/CCL24 was measured in the culture supernatant. IL-4 was found to be the major stimulus for eotaxin-2/CCL24 production from nasal polyps followed by IL-13 and IFN-gamma. IL-4 induced eotaxin-2/CCL24 in a dose-dependent manner with concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml being able to induce eotaxin-2/CCL24. By immunohistochemistry, eotaxin-2/CCL24 immunoreactivity was localized to mononuclear cells in the IL-4 stimulated nasal polyp tissue. Interestingly, nasal turbinates obtained from patients suffering from nonallergic rhinitis (vasomotor rhinitis) were also found to release eotaxin-2/CCL24 both spontaneously and following cytokine stimulation with IL-4 and IFN-gamma being major inducers of this cytokine. All together these findings suggest that Th1 and Th2 cytokines may regulate eotaxin-2/CCL24 production in nasal polyps and nonallergic rhinits.

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