SWI/SNF is required for transcriptional memory at the yeast GAL gene cluster

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Abstract
Post-translational modification of nucleosomal histones has been suggested to contribute to epigenetic transcriptional memory. We describe a case of transcriptional memory in yeast where the rate of transcriptional induction of GAL1 is regulated by the prior expression state. This epigenetic state is inherited by daughter cells, but does not require the histone acetyltransferase, Gcn5p, the histone ubiquitinylating enzyme, Rad6p, or the histone methylases, Dot1p, Set1p, or Set2p. In contrast, we show that the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme, SWI/SNF, is essential for transcriptional memory at GAL1. Genetic studies indicate that SWI/SNF controls transcriptional memory by antagonizing ISWI-like chromatin remodeling enzymes.