Combined Zidovudine and Interferon-α Therapy in Patients with Kaposi Sarcoma and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

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Abstract
Study Objective: To evaluate the toxicity and potential clinical efficacy of combined therapy with zidovudine and interferon-.alpha. for patients with Kaposi sarcoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Design: nonrandomized, open trial study. Setting: Outpatient clinic of a government referral-based research hospital. Patients: Volunteer sample of 39 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Kaposi sarcoma. Interventions: Patients received zidovudine, 250, 100, or 50 mg orally every 4 hours; 6 weeks after interferon-.alpha. was begun at a dose of 5 million U/d, and the dose was increased every 2 weeks until a maximum tolerated dose was determined. Patients then received the maximum tolerated dose of the combination for a minimum of 12 weeks before formal efficacy evaluations. Measurements and Main Results: In the dose-escalation phase, the ability to tolerate interferon-.alpha. was clearly related to the zidovudine dose. Of the 13 patients receiving 250 mg of zidovudine, only 1 patient was able to tolerate at least 10 million U/d of interferon-.alpha.. Of the 12 patients receiving 100 mg of zidovudine, 8 tolerated 10 million U/d, 5 tolerated 15 million U/d and none tolerated higher doses. Of the 12 patients receiving 50 mg of zidovudine, 8 tolerated 10 million U/d 7 tolerated 15 million U/d and 6 tolerated 20 million U/d or more. Dose-limiting toxicities included neutropenia (57%), fatigue (16%), thrombocytopenia (14%), and hepatic dysfunction (10%). Of the 22 patients who received a stable dose of both drugs for 12 weeks, 11 patients had a complete or partial tumor response and 8 showed an anti-HIV effect. Peak serum levels of interferon-.alpha. (32 to 250 U/mL) and zidovudine (0.40 to 3.85 .mu.M) were in the ranges previously shown to be synergistic against HIV. Conclusion: Combination therapy with zidovudine and interferon-.alpha. can be administered to patients with HIV infection and Kapsi sarcoma in doses that effect antiviral and antitumor responses; it appears to have a potential role in managing such patients.

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