X-Ray Halos and Large Grains in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium

Open Access
Publisher Website
Google Scholar
Abstract
Recent observations with dust detectors on board the interplanetary spacecrafts Ulysses and Galileo have recorded a substantial flux of large interstellar grains with radii between 0.25 and 2.0 μm entering the solar system from the local interstellar cloud. The most commonly used interstellar grain size distribution is characterized by an a-3.5 power law in grain radii a and extends to a maximum grain radius of 0.25 μm. The extension of the interstellar grain size distribution to such large radii will have a major effect on the median grain size and on the amount of mass needed to be tied up in dust for a given visual optical depth. It is therefore important to investigate whether this population of larger dust particles prevails in the general interstellar medium or whether it is merely a local phenomenon. The presence of large interstellar grains can be inferred mainly from their effect on the intensity and radial profile of scattering halos around X-ray sources. In this Letter, we examine the grain size distribution that gives rise to the X-ray halo around Nova Cygni 1992. The results of our study confirm the need to extend the interstellar grain size distribution in the direction of this source to and possibly beyond 2 μm. The model that gives the best fit to the halo data is characterized by (1) a grain size distribution that follows an a-3.5 power law up to 0.50 μm, followed by an a-4.0 extension from 0.50 to 2.0 μm, and (2) silicate and graphite (carbon) dust-to-gas mass ratios of 0.0044 and 0.0022, respectively, consistent with solar abundance constraints. Additional observations of X-ray halos probing other spatial directions are badly needed to test the general validity of this result.
All Related Versions