Studies of the Female Bladder in Old Age

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Abstract
Cystograms were made in 47 incontinent aged females. Micturating films were obtained in 19 cases and a further 11 were taken erect. Of these 30 patients 15 (50%) showed funnelling of the bladder outlet. This was marked in 8 and gross in 1. Sixty-two percent of the whole series showed evidence of neurogenic bladder (trabeculation, cellules or diverticula). Fifteen patients (32% of the whole series) show diverticula [long dash]single or multiple. Diverti-culum of the female bladder is generally regarded as a rare finding. In incontinent aged women it is common. It is caused by bladder neck obstruction. This is probably functional due to neuro-muscular inco-ordination although evidence of trigonal hypertrophy was found in some cases. Diverticula formation in hollow viscera becomes more common with advancing age because of both neuro-muscular inco-ordination and also age changes in connective tissue was indicated.

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