Influence of the paramagnetic effect on the vortex lattice in 2D superconductors

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Abstract
– In 2D superconductors under a high magnetic field, when the upper critical field Hc2 is determined by both the orbital and paramagnetic effects, new solutions for the superconducting order parameter, corresponding to higher Landau levels, must be realized. In order to determine the structure of the vortex lattice in the new phases, we derive a modified Ginzburg-Landau functional in the high-κ limit. Within this model, we show that the stability of the structures depends on a new criterion which replaces the Abrikosov parameter βA. The triangular lattice is not always favored. We calculate the most favorable structures at different temperatures, and we find changes of the symmetry, as well as the transition order. In 1964, Larkin and Ovchinnikov [1] and Fulde and Ferrel [2] predicted the appearance of a