Some Effects of Daylength and Flower Manipulation on the Floral Cycle of Two Cultivars of Avocado (Persea americanaMill., Lauraceae), A Species showing Protogynous Dichogamy

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Abstract
Floral cycling of the avocado cultivars Fuerte and Hass was observed under controlled conditions of 25 °C and daylengths of 0 h, 1 h (08.00 h-09.00 h), 6 h (08.00 h-14.00 h), 6 h (13.00 h-19.00 h), 12 h (08.00 h-20.00 h) and 24 h with a photon flux density of 350 /imol m−2 s −1 (400–700 nm). Normal floral cycling of discrete opening periods of female stage, followed by closed phase, followed by male stage, occurred under all conditions except 24 h in Fuerte, and 0 h and 24 h in Hass. Under continuous light the cycle was disrupted and female and male stages opened throughout the day, and very few Hass flowers opened at all. No male stage Hass flowers opened under continuous darkness. Under the shorter daylengths the floral cycle was condensed, and the timing of the cycle shifted following alteration in the time of start of the light period. Emasculation of flowers in the female stage prevented reopening during the period of opening of the male stage flowers in Fuerte but not in Hass. The effect was localized to the perianth parts adjacent to the removed anther or stamen.

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