Abstract
Over the last decade, the history of deviance and social control institutions has become mired in a futile debate over the morality and motivations of reform and has insulated itself from the main theoretical and methodological developments in social history. I urge a materialist recasting of the field, in which attention would focus on client experience and on concrete reproductive functions performed by institutions to accommodate working-class families to increasing misery. I illustrate my arguments with case study evidence on the origins of nineteenthcentury child saving.