Treatment Options for Breast Cancer — Beyond Survival

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Abstract
During the past two decades there have been enormous changes in the care of women with primary breast cancer. We have learned that breast cancer is usually microscopically disseminated at the time the diagnosis is first made and that the degree of dissemination dominates the prognosis for most women. This fundamental change in the understanding of the natural history of breast cancer has provided an opportunity to study the relative advantages and disadvantages of various forms of local treatment for the disease. The Halsted radical mastectomy was largely replaced by the modified radical mastectomy or total mastectomy in the late . . .