Some Recent Studies on the Clinical Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics of Practical Significance

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Abstract
A maximum concentration exists for each topically applied local anesthetic. Exceeding this concentration does nothing more than enhance the possibility of systemic reactions. The addition of vasoconstrictors, demulcents, vasodilators, detergents, cations, or mixing different drugs exerts no appreciable effect on intensity and duration. Absorption from the mucous membranes is more rapid than it is from perineural tissues. This accounts for the greater frequency of reactions after topical application. The most serviceable drugs are likewise the most toxic systemically. Of a group of 50 compounds manifesting some degree of local anesthetic activity tetracaine, cocaine, lidocaine, hexylcaine and dyclonine appear to be the most effective and longest lasting.

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