Reductionism in Marxist Theory

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Abstract
Most Marxists would agree that two of Marxism's lasting contributions to the methodology of the social sciences are (a) its holistic orientation — its unwillingness to examine social phenomena in a compartmentalised fashion; and (b) its portrayal of collective agents in a dialectical relation to their social environment — with economic, political and ideological structures setting limits to collective action, while at the same time collective agents (classes, social movements, etc.) react to these limitations and try to either change or maintain them. In other words, Marxist methodology shows human beings as both the producers and the products of their social world.

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