Two-dimensional incompressible fluid jet penetration

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Abstract
The principal characteristics of jet penetration are the appearance of free stream-lines at the sides of the jet and of a dividing streamline, which separates the jet and penetrated fluid. Kinematic analysis of such flow via free-streamline theory and the notched hodograph is developed with one unspecified parameter, the ratio of jet to counterstream velocity in the steady flow case. The kinetics of the problem, appearing when the jet and penetrated (or counterstream) fluid differ in density, is simply related to the kinematic solution via the square root of the density ratio. Experiments, both steady state and transient with several liquids, are presented which generally verify the theory. The experiments also yield information on the magnitude of the parameter and indicate its variation with the density ratio.

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