THIS PAPER will report psychological and endocrinological observations on six hospitalized female patients receiving Psychotherapy for depressive reactions. The study was designed to test endocrinologically a familiar psychiatric formulation first proposed by Freud in 1917:1one type of depressive reaction is regarded as precipitated by a loss, defined as a loss of a loved object or ideal. The patient responds initially with affective distress, and then goes on to form a pathological symptom syndrome in which, for example, self-recrimination may be a prominent feature, but in which the painful loss isnotaffectively acknowledged. Many of the depressive symptoms which the patient forms may be regarded as serving, in part, defensive or restitutive functions, in that these symptoms operate to help the patientavoidexperiencing the painful loss. It is this type of depressive reaction which was well described by Freud, Abraham,