The influence of evaporative dynamics on precision in split capillary GC

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Abstract
The kinetics of sample evaporation was studied for four common injection liners at various temperatures. The rates of solvent and sample evaporation were measured. The sample distribution at the split point was probed by inserting two capillary columns in one injector. Greater homogeneity at the split point corresponded to higher precision (better correlation between the sample and internal standard peak areas). Evidence of aerosol formation using inverted cup inlet liners was seen. Packed column precision was better than capillary precision in each case, i.e., using straight split liners, inverted cup liners, and cold on‐column injection. Capillary precision is best when the sample and internal standard elute close together, and may be improved by using solvents that vaporize slowly.