Late Vascular Effects of Toxemia of Pregnancy

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Abstract
IT has been suggested many times that toxemia of pregnancy is associated with the development of hypertension and disease of the kidneys and blood vessels in later life.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Nevertheless, the causal significance and even the existence of such a correlation have frequently been questioned.13 14 15 16 Long-term follow-up studies that meet rigid epidemiologic criteria are difficult to carry out, and many published studies dealing with the problem are unsatisfactory. In some, no distinction is made between patients previously well and those who had clear signs of vascular or renal involvement before they became pregnant.1 In others, only patients with eclampsia are considered, . . .