SURFACE TENSION OF SODIUM SOAP DISPERSIONS IN MINERAL OILS

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Abstract
The surface tension of sodium stearate and sodium oleate dispersions in mineral oils of high and low viscosity index has been measured over a wide range of temperature. In dispersions in the non-polar oil, no surface activity is shown by the soap until the full melting point is reached. In dispersions in an oil of relatively high polarity, surface activity is shown at much lower temperatures corresponding to partial melting points of the soaps. The ability of the soap to lower the surface tension is dependent on the degree of dispersion of the soap, and the relation of surface activity to physical states and phase transitions, previously determined by the authors, is discussed. The addition of glycerol increases the surface activity at a given concentration, but the temperature at which surface activity is attained remains unaffected. Excess fatty acid acts similarly to glycerol; excess alkali decreases surface activity.

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